Basic Grammar

1. NOUN (명사)

	NOUN
1	COUNTABLE (셀 수 있는 명사)	UNCOUNTABLE (셀 수 없는 명사)
	ex. book, nose, smartphone...	ex. water, coffee, beer, salt, sand...
2	COMMON	PROPER
	General Name ex. dog, person, place	Specific Name ex. Brownie, Elie, Seoul City

 

2. PRONOUN (대명사)

	PRONOUN
	Replacing nouns ex. it, she, he, they, this, that ...

 

 

3. ADJECTIVE (형용사)

	ADJECTIVE
1	Basic : be + adj
	ex. I am tall. She is amiable
2	Comparative : be + er/more + than
	ex. I am taller than you. She was more annoying than her friend.
3	Superlative : be + the + est/most (+ NOUN)
	ex. I'm the fastest in the world.

 

4. PREPOSITION (전치사) - IN/ON/AT

	PREPOSITION
	TIME	LOCATION	VEHICLE
IN	a period of time	1. inside a place/another object 2. within a certain place.	1. you cannot walk inside it 2. you can walk inside it, but it's not moving.
	ex. I was born in 1991. I will stay in Korea in Spring.	ex. The doll is in the box. She is in Korea.	ex. I'm drinking coffee in my car now I'm in the bus now. we are waiting for the driver.
ON	a specific day	be above or touching the surface of another object/place	if the vehicle is moving & you can walk inside it
	ex. I will meet you on Friday. I was born on May 8th.	ex. I left my phone on the table. The glass fell on the floor.	ex.  I'm on the bus now. I'm on my way to Busan.
AT	a specific time	1. specific address 2. a place but it is not too specific	x
	ex. I will meet you at noon. John took his medicine at midnight. I usually wake up at 8 am.	ex. She lives at 1234 ~ I am waiting for you at the stoplight.
IN  & ON		1. ON + MY/HER/HIS + LOCATION 2. IN + LOCATION ex. on my bed / in bed

 

5. VERB (동사)

	SIMPLE	PROGRESSIVE (be + ing)	PERFECT
PAST		1. Action A (ongoing) + Action B (suddenly) ex. A was eating when B came home 2. Action A, B happened at the same time ex. A was eating while B was exercising.	have(has) + p.p * Action A (past), Action B (older than A) - use for B ex. when I came back home (A), he had eaten the chicken. (B)
PRESENT	1. case of fact 2. regular activity 3. habit	NOW	had + p.p *simple past vs perfect present - past: one point (outside timeline) - present perfect: a period of time (incise timeline) + It's often used with until now / since / for
FUTURE	1. be going to : planned 2.  will : unplanned	will be + ing 1.future 2. period of time ex. I will be staying in the hotel for three days	will + have + p.p - used for actions that will be completed before some other point in the future. ex. she will have arrived there before Saturday.

 

5-1. PREFECT VERB (완료형 동사)

어려우니까 좀 더 자세히 정리

PRESENT (have/has + pp)	현재 완료형 1. 과거에 시작해서 아직 끝나지 않은 일 (행위 / 기간 모두) ex. I have worked here since 2020. (행위) ex. It has rained a lot this week. (기간) 2. 과거 ~ 지금 사이 구체적이지 않은 기간에 일어난 행위  - 반복되었던 일 - 행위 발생 시간이 중요하지 않거나 알려지지 않은 경우 ex. She has visited them frequently. ex. Someone has eaten my soup. ex. Have you seen this movie? 3. 아주 최근 과거에 완료된 행위 (+ just / already) - 완료한 행위가 지금까지 이어지고 있다 에 포커스 ex. Have you just finished work? ex. I have just eaten. + 결국 Until now 라는 숨은 의미가 들어가는 말에 쓰면 되는 것 같음 + 구체적인 시간 표현이 필요한 말에는 못씀
PAST	과거 완료형 - 두 가지 액션을 비교할 때, 더 오래된 액션을 표현하기 위해 사용 - A도 과거지만 B는 A보다 더 과거일 때, B를 표현 // 두 문장으로 이뤄진 곳에 사용하거나, 아니면 앞에 context가 있어야함
FUTURE	미래 완료형 - 미래 특정 시점 전에 어떤 일이 완료될 것이라는 것을 표현 - '~ 전에는 끝날거야/완료될거야' 라고 생각하기 ex. I will have finished my work by evening. ex. Before 2025 years, will she have got married? 결혼을 했을까요? (will은 결혼을 할까요? 의 느낌)

 

 

 

6. MODAL VERB

Will	Would
1. future 2. 추측 3. 요청 4. 가정법 현재 5. will not = 거리낌, 거절	1. past of will 2. future, polite - making request 3.
Can	Could
= be able to	1. past of can 2. present, polite

 

7. RELATIVE PRONOUN (관계대명사)

	주격	소유격	목적격
사람	who	whose	whom
사물, 동물	which	whose / which	which
사람, 사물, 동물	that	x	that

*YES/NO Question은 항상 Minor Verb로 시작, 그 앞에 WH를 붙여서 구체적인 의문문으로.